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??? ??????????, ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ? 2009 ???? ?? ?????? 6,8% ??? ???????? 9,5%. ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???, ??????? ???? ?????? ????????. ? ?????????, ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????????????? ?? ?? ?????? 15,9%.

???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????-??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? 5,8% ??? ???????? 18%. ? ?? ?? ????? ? ??????? 2008 ???? ??????? ? ??????? 2005 ???? ???? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?? 2,1% ??? ???????? 1,7%.

?? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????, ??? ???????????? ??????? ??? ? 2009 ???? ?? 5%, ?????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????.

?? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? Fitch Ratings ?????????? ????????? ??? ? ??????? ? 2009 ???? ???????? 3,5%, ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ???????? 4,5%. ?? ??????? Fitch, ???????? ? ??????? ? 2008 ???? ????????? 25%, ? ? 2009 ???? ???????? ?? 17,5%.

The Ukrainian economy shrank 14.4 percent and industrial output fell nearly 30 percent year-on-year in November as demand for steel exports dried up and thousands were sent on unpaid leave.

The national currency, the hryvnia, has gone into freefall. At one point this month it stood at half its September value before regaining some ground. Half of housing and consumer credits are denominated in dollars and repayments are now much more expensive. One leading government official predicts that consumers will default on 60 percent of bank loans, plunging the banking system into disarray.

The construction sector has, like the vast steel industry, been sent reeling by the economic crisis. It once provided 1.5 million jobs and drew vast numbers of workers into the prosperous, bustling capital from stagnant hinterlands.

Officials say 80,000 construction workers have lost their jobs this year and expect a similar number in 2009. Tens of thousands of jobs will go in related sectors.

In the current economic climate some prefer just to ignore the grim reality and look forward to a festive night.

"We are lucky. Our mother breeds pigs and, as you understand, we will have a piglet, fresh meat on the table", said a nurse from a Kiev kindergarten Lyudmyla Kostyuchenko. "Everything will be very nice. We will have a gorgeous New Year's Eve. We will have everything on the table. We do not care about the crisis and we will meet the New Year with a smile on our faces."

Other Kiev residents, mindful of the inevitable consequences of the economic slowdown, decided to leave gloomy thoughts behind for the New Year's night at least.

"The crisis is not yet telling on us. We do not try to save money yet. But we already realise that next year things will be different. There is a saying that waiting for death is worth than the death itself. So we will be having fun now and will sort out what to do later," said Svitlana Motuzka, a clerk.

A sales manager from one of Kiev stores, Kateryna Shevchenko, said this season shoppers had been spent less money on gifts.

"This year people are more careful in choosing gifts. I think they are buying cheaper things. They are buying a lot. No one will leave their close kin without gifts. But those gifts are smaller and people are more careful in choosing them," she said.

Ukraine has secured a $16.4-billion US dollar loan from the International Monetary Fund. But its outlook is bleak, with the president and prime minister constantly bickering, a gas row brewing with Russia, and signs of public discontent growing.

The Ukrainian construction sector has been hit harder than most. A 13 percent drop was recorded over 11 months and active work is proceeding at only 36 of 186 building sites in the capital. Five thousand sites stand idle across the country of 46 million.